lichess.org open database

1,985,665 chess puzzles, rated and tagged. See them in action on Lichess.

Download lichess_db_puzzle.csv.bz2

Format

Puzzles are formatted as standard CSV. The fields are as follows:

PuzzleId,FEN,Moves,Rating,RatingDeviation,Popularity,NbPlays,Themes,GameUrl

Sample

0000D,5rk1/1p3ppp/pq3b2/8/8/1P1Q1N2/P4PPP/3R2K1 w - - 2 27,d3d6 f8d8 d6d8 f6d8,1426,500,100,0,advantage endgame short,https://lichess.org/F8M8OS71#53
0009B,r2qr1k1/b1p2ppp/pp4n1/P1P1p3/4P1n1/B2P2Pb/3NBP1P/RN1QR1K1 b - - 1 16,b6c5 e2g4 h3g4 d1g4,1500,500,-100,0,advantage middlegame short,https://lichess.org/4MWQCxQ6/black#32
000tp,4r3/5pk1/1p3np1/3p3p/2qQ4/P4N1P/1P3RP1/7K w - - 6 34,d4b6 f6e4 h1g1 e4f2,1687,500,95,0,crushing endgame short trappedPiece,https://lichess.org/GeXqsW90#67
001cv,6k1/5p1p/3p2pP/3Pr1b1/1pp5/7R/PP6/1K1R4 w - - 0 34,d1d4 e5e1 d4d1 e1d1 b1c2 d1c1,1043,500,-15,0,endgame long mate mateIn3 queensideAttack,https://lichess.org/Wn5Xtz5X#67
001u3,2r3k1/p1q2pp1/Q3p2p/b1Np4/2nP1P2/4P1P1/5K1P/2B1N3 b - - 3 33,c7b6 a6c8 g8h7 c8b7,1268,500,-99,0,advantage hangingPiece kingsideAttack middlegame short,https://lichess.org/BBn6ipaK/black#66
00206,r3kb1r/pppqpn1p/5p2/3p1bpQ/2PP4/4P1B1/PP3PPP/RN2KB1R w KQkq - 1 11,b1c3 f5g4 h5g4 d7g4,1236,500,23,0,advantage opening short trappedPiece,https://lichess.org/MbJRo6PT#21
002Cw,r7/2p2r1k/p2p1q1p/Pp1P4/1P2P3/2PQ4/6R1/R5K1 b - - 2 28,f7g7 e4e5 f6g6 g2g6,1315,500,-5,0,crushing discoveredAttack endgame short,https://lichess.org/lxiSa85s/black#56
002E4,8/8/kpq5/p4pQp/P7/7P/3r2P1/4R2K b - - 10 48,c6a4 g5d2,1406,500,-5,0,crushing endgame hangingPiece oneMove,https://lichess.org/JwMca3Nw/black#96
002rj,2k5/p1pp1p2/1p3Bb1/7p/1nP3PP/1P2rP2/PK6/3R1B1R w - - 7 22,f1g2 e3e2 d1d2 e2d2,960,500,-5,0,advantage fork middlegame short,https://lichess.org/JbCsF5hm#43
003YT,r1bqk1nr/1pp2ppp/p1pb4/4p3/3PP3/5N2/PPP2PPP/RNBQ1RK1 b kq - 0 6,d8f6 d4e5 d6e5 c1g5 f6d6 f3e5 d6d1 f1d1,1387,500,-5,0,advantage fork opening veryLong,https://lichess.org/TAffogpQ/black#12

Notes

Moves are in UCI format. Use a chess library to convert them to SAN, for display.

All player moves of the solution are "only moves". I.e. playing any other move would considerably worsen the player position. An exception is made for mates in one: there can be several. Any move that checkmates should win the puzzle.

FEN is the position before the opponent makes their move.
The position to present to the player is after applying the first move to that FEN.
The second move is the beginning of the solution.

Popularity is a number between 100 (best) and -100 (worst).
It is calculated as (upvotes - downvotes)/(upvotes + downvotes), although votes are weigthed by various factors such as whether the puzzle was solved successfully or the solver's puzzle rating in comparison to the puzzle's.

You can find a list of themes, their names and descriptions, in this file.

Generating these chess puzzles took more than 35 years of CPU time.
We went through 200,000,000 analysed games from the Lichess database, and re-analyzed interesting positions with Stockfish 12/13 NNUE at 40 meganodes. The resulting puzzles were then automatically tagged. To determine the rating, each attempt to solve is considered as a Glicko2 rated game between the player and the puzzle. Finally, player votes refine the tags and define popularity.

Antichess

15,453,982 antichess rated games, played on lichess.org, in PGN format. Each file contains the games for one month only; they are not cumulative.

Here's a plain text download list, and the SHA256 checksums.

Atomic

11,838,359 atomic rated games, played on lichess.org, in PGN format. Each file contains the games for one month only; they are not cumulative.

Here's a plain text download list, and the SHA256 checksums.

Chess960

9,769,541 chess960 rated games, played on lichess.org, in PGN format. Each file contains the games for one month only; they are not cumulative.

Here's a plain text download list, and the SHA256 checksums.

Crazyhouse

13,784,981 crazyhouse rated games, played on lichess.org, in PGN format. Each file contains the games for one month only; they are not cumulative.

Here's a plain text download list, and the SHA256 checksums.

Horde

2,729,348 horde rated games, played on lichess.org, in PGN format. Each file contains the games for one month only; they are not cumulative.

Here's a plain text download list, and the SHA256 checksums.

King of the Hill

3,144,866 kingOfTheHill rated games, played on lichess.org, in PGN format. Each file contains the games for one month only; they are not cumulative.

Here's a plain text download list, and the SHA256 checksums.

Racing Kings

2,415,632 racingKings rated games, played on lichess.org, in PGN format. Each file contains the games for one month only; they are not cumulative.

Here's a plain text download list, and the SHA256 checksums.

Three-check

4,204,356 threeCheck rated games, played on lichess.org, in PGN format. Each file contains the games for one month only; they are not cumulative.

Here's a plain text download list, and the SHA256 checksums.